Isolation, culture and validation of CD34+ vascular wall-resident stem cells from mice / 生理学报

Vascular wall-resident stem cells (VW-SCs) play a critical role in maintaining normal vascular function and regulating vascular repair. Understanding the basic functional characteristics of the VW-SCs will facilitate the study of their regulation and potential therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to establish a stable method for the isolation, culture, and validation of the CD34+ VW-SCs from mice, and to provide abundant and reliable cell sources for further study of the mechanisms involved in proliferation, migration and differentiation of the VW-SCs under various physiological and pathological conditions. The vascular wall cells of mouse aortic adventitia and mesenteric artery were obtained by the method of tissue block attachment and purified by magnetic microbead sorting and flow cytometry to obtain the CD34+ VW-SCs. Cell immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the stem cell markers (CD34, Flk-1, c-kit, Sca-1), smooth muscle markers (SM22, SM MHC), endothelial marker (CD31), and intranuclear division proliferation-related protein (Ki-67). To verify the multipotency of the isolated CD34+ VW-SCs, endothelial differentiation medium EBM-2 and fibroblast differentiation medium FM-2 were used. After culture for 7 days and 3 days respectively, endothelial cell markers and fibroblast markers of the differentiated cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and q-PCR. Furthermore, the intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ entry signaling were evaluated by TILLvisION system in Fura-2/AM loaded cells. The results showed that: (1) High purity (more than 90%) CD34+ VW-SCs from aortic adventitia and mesenteric artery of mice were harvested by means of tissue block attachment method and magnetic microbead sorting; (2) CD34+ VW-SCs were able to differentiate into endothelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro; (3) Caffeine and ATP significantly activated intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum of CD34+ VW-SCs. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was activated by using thapsigargin (TG) applied in Ca2+-free/Ca2+ reintroduction protocol. This study successfully established a stable and efficient method for isolation, culture and validation of the CD34+ VW-SCs from mice, which provides an ideal VW-SCs sources for the further study of cardiovascular diseases.

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the passive compartment underneath the myocardial bridge comprising the blood vessel adventitia and the perivascular connective tissue / Características cualitativas y cuantitativas del compartimento pasivo debajo del puente miocárdico que comprende la adventicia del vaso sanguíneo y el tejido conectivo perivascular

SUMMARY: Myocardial bridges are inborn anomalies frequently found in authopsies. Although tipically clinically silent, they are occasionally associated with severe clinical manifestations, e.g. myocardial ischemia or even sudden death. The pathophysiology and risk factors for these manifestations have not yet been completely elucidated. The connective tissue underneath the bridge has been considered as one of the factors the symptoms depend on. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the histological characteristics of the connective tissue lying underneath the myocardial bridge and to contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects this passive compartment might have in prevention of severe clinical manifestations of myocardial bridging. The study was carried out on twenty hearts with myocardial bridges. Length of the bridge was determined using a precise electronic caliper. Sections of the myocardial bridges with the underlying connective tissue were obtained and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The connective tissue underneath the bridges was composed of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue in different ratios. The tissue underneath thin bridges was predominantly composed of adipose tissue, while loose connective tissue was the dominant component under thick bridges. The myocardial bridges had an average thickness of 0,98 ± 0.44 mm and an average length of 15,25±5,65 mm. We found a strong positive correlation between the myocardial bridge thickness and length (r = 0,860, p = 0,0001). The thickness of the passive connective tissue compartment under the myocardial bridges was 0,58±0,22 mm, and there was no correlation between this parameter and the myocardial bridge thickness (r = -0,011; p = 0,963). In the clinical evaluation of patients with these anomalies it is necessary to take into account independently the myocardial bridge thickness and length on one side and the thickness of the connective tissue lying underneath it on the other.

Los puentes miocárdicos son anomalías congénitas que se encuentran con frecuencia en las autopsias. Aunque típicamente éstos son clínicamente silenciosos, ocasionalmente se asocian con manifestaciones clínicas graves, como isquemia miocárdica o incluso muerte súbita. La fisiopatología y los factores de riesgo de estas manifestaciones aún no se han dilucidado por completo. El tejido conectivo debajo del puente se ha considerado como uno de los factores de los que dependen los síntomas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características histológicas del tejido conectivo que se encuentra debajo del puente miocárdico y contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los efectos protectores que este compartimento pasivo podría tener en la prevención de manifestaciones clínicas graves de puente miocárdico. El estudio se llevó a cabo en veinte corazones con puentes miocárdicos. La longitud del puente se determinó utilizando un calibrador electrónico preciso. Se obtuvieron secciones de los puentes miocárdicos con el tejido conjuntivo subyacente y se prepararon para análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. El tejido conectivo debajo de los puentes estaba compuesto de tejido adiposo y tejido conectivo laxo en diferentes proporciones. El tejido debajo de los puentes delgados estaba predominantemente compuesto de tejido adiposo, mientras que el tejido conectivo laxo era el componente dominante debajo de los puentes gruesos. Los puentes de miocardio tenían un espesor promedio de 0,98 ± 0,44 mm y una longitud promedio de 15,25 ± 5,65 mm. Encontramos una fuerte correlación positiva entre el grosor y la longitud del puente miocárdico (r = 0,860, p = 0,0001). El grosor del compartimiento de tejido conectivo pasivo debajo de los puentes miocárdicos era de 0,58±0,22 mm, y no hubo correlación entre este parámetro y el grosor del puente miocárdico (r = -0,011; p = 0,963). En la evaluación clínica de pacientes con estas anomalías es necesario tener en consideración de forma independiente el grosor y la longitud del puente de miocardio por un lado y el grosor del tejido conectivo que se encuentra debajo del mismo por el otro.

Pericardial Tearing by Fall into Water Surface: An Autopsy Case / 대한법의학회지

Injuries caused by free-fall from heights represent a specific form of blunt trauma that can be difficult to interpret, especially when the impact medium is water. On autopsy practice, the immersed bodies with rib fractures and internal organ injuries were often encountered and many studies have reported that impact with the water surface could cause skeletal fracture and visceral organ rupture. The height of the fall and body orientation on impact are the most important factors determining the severity and range of these injuries. In the present case, the victim was a 69-year-old male who weighed 48 kg. Following were the autopsy findings: numerous pin-point epidermal injuries on the body surface (like those due to nibbling by fish), a massive soft tissue hemorrhage in the left upper chest, multiple rib fractures (3rd–7th left ribs), ballooning of the lungs, froth in the trachea and bronchus, pericardial tearing in the right anterolateral side (7-cm long), intra-pericardial hemorrhage, and focal hemorrhage in the adventitia of the intra-pericardial aorta. No sign of an external wound was observed in the left chest area. The cause of death was drowning, and the manner of death was suicide. Unfortunately, the site and height of fall were not investigated.

Surgical Strategy to Reduce the Recurrence of Adventitial Cystic Disease after Treatment

PURPOSE: Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is a rare condition that causes intermittent claudication and non-atherosclerotic disease without cardiovascular risk factors. The etiology and optimal treatment of ACD remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze surgical treatment results for ACD and to elucidate optimal treatment options.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with ACD who underwent surgery from 2006 to 2018. Twenty-two patients had arterial ACD, six had venous ACD, and two had combined venous and arterial ACD. We reviewed demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment details, and procedure outcomes.RESULTS: Recurrence occurred in 6 cases either after cyst excision alone (4/17) or patch angioplasty (2/2). There was no recurrence after vessel excision with interposition grafting (0/7). Therefore, vessel excision was a statistically significant factor in recurrence prevention (P=0.026). Among the six recurrences, joint connections of the cystic lesions were found in four of the six (66.7%).CONCLUSION: As a curative surgery for ACD, vessel excision with interposition grafting is a better strategy to prevent recurrence than simple cyst excision alone.

A Report of Two Cases of Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Popliteal Artery

Two patients were admitted to our department because of recent aggravation of claudication in the leg, which was exacerbated by walking. They were diagnosed as having a Baker cyst or acute thrombosis in the popliteal fossa at another hospital. There was no evidence of ischemia, and the ankle brachial index was normal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, revealing a cystic mass of the popliteal artery (PA). Intraoperatively, the cystic lesion was found within the adventitia of the PA; based on the biopsy findings, both patients were diagnosed as having adventitial cystic disease of the PA.

Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Iliac Artery with a Connection to the Hip Joint

More than 700 adventitial cystic diseases (ACDs) have been reported in the literature, with most cases affecting the popliteal artery in young men. Here, we describe our treatment and etiologic consideration of a patient who presented with an ACD of the external iliac artery, known to be an extremely rare location. On preoperative imaging, the ACD had a connection to the nearby hip joint and was treated with resection of the affected segment, including ligation of the joint connection and interposition with a prosthetic graft. The pathogenesis of ACDs is not fully understood; however, we believe that joint connections are important in their development and treatment.

Enfermedad quística de la adventicia, arteria poplítea / Cystic disease of the adventitial layer of the popliteal artery

La enfermedad quística de la adventicia es una rara alteración de las arterias periféricas, caracterizada por la acumulación de contenido mucoso en la adventicia del vaso. Tiene predilección por la arteria poplítea, donde se localiza en cerca de 85 % de los casos. La mayoría de los afectados son hombres entre los 40 y los 50 años de edad, que presentan claudicación intermitente de inicio brusco y rápida progresión, sin evidencia de enfermedad ateroesclerótica. Se describe el caso un hombre de 57 años de edad en el que se diagnosticó esta entidad, con énfasis en las imágenes diagnósticas y el abordaje quirúrgico

Cystic adventitial disease is a rare vascular disorder of the peripheral arteries characterized by the collection of a mucinous substance inside the adventitia of the vessel. It has a predilection for the popliteal artery, being this localization about 85% of cases. Most of those affected are male between 40 to 50 years old, presenting with intermittent claudication of sudden onset and rapid progression without evidence of atherosclerotic disease. We describe the case of a 57 years old male who was diagnosed with this entity, with emphasis on the diagnostic imaging and surgical approach

A Case of Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Thyroid Artery after Core Needle Biopsy

A pseudoaneurysm is a collection of blood that locates between the two outer layers of an artery, the muscularis propria and the adventitia. It is resulted from disruption of a portion of the arterial wall. A pseudoaneurysm can be caused by trauma, blood vessel intervention, intravenous drug use, vasculitis, infectious aneurysm, and postoperative anastomotic leakage. The pseudoaneurysm of superior thyroid artery after core needle biopsy is rare. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm caused by thyroid core needle biopsy and treated by surgical treatment.

Delayed Death Due to Aortic Laceration after Chest Blunt Trauma: An Autopsy Case / 대한법의학회지

A traumatic aortic injury due to blunt chest trauma is well recognized. However, a delayed death due to an aortic laceration after blunt chest trauma is very rare. A 49-year-old man arrived at the emergency room after falling from a height of approximately 4 m. Upon radiological examination, multiple fractures to his left ribs with a hemopneumothorax on his left side were found. After undergoing a closed thoracostomy, he was admitted to the general ward due to his vital signs being stable. After 13 hours from his admission, he complained of chest discomfort with the sudden development of massive blood drainage through his chest tube. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed, where the patient then died and an autopsy was performed 36 hours after his death. On internal examination, a small laceration of the descending aorta with irritation of the tunica adventitia was revealed. Given the findings of an additional histological examination and the aforementioned findings, the author thought that the fractured fragments of the posterior ribs had irritated the tunica adventitia of the adjacent descending aorta for some time after the chest trauma and that a perforation had finally occurred. The author here reports a case of a delayed death due to an aortic laceration after a blunt chest trauma with the patient's clinical information and full autopsy findings.

Comprehensive Analysis of Chicken Vessels as Microvascular Anastomosis Training Model

BACKGROUND: Nonliving chickens are commonly used as a microvascular anastomosis training model. However, previous studies have investigated only a few types of vessel, and no study has compared the characteristics of the various vessels. The present study evaluated the anatomic characteristics of various chicken vessels as a training model. METHODS: Eight vessels—the brachial artery, basilic vein, radial artery, ulnar artery, ischiatic artery and vein, cranial tibial artery, and common dorsal metatarsal artery—were evaluated in 26 fresh chickens and 30 chicken feet for external diameter (ED) and thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media. The dissection time from skin incision to application of vessel clamps was also measured. RESULTS: The EDs of the vessels varied. The ischiatic vein had the largest ED of 2.69±0.33 mm, followed by the basilic vein (1.88±0.36 mm), ischiatic artery (1.68±0.24 mm), common dorsal metatarsal artery (1.23±0.23 mm), cranial tibial artery (1.18±0.19 mm), brachial artery (1.08±0.15 mm), ulnar artery (0.82±0.13 mm), and radial artery (0.56±0.12 mm), and the order of size was consistent across all subjects. Thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media were also diverse, ranging from 74.09±19.91 µm to 158.66±40.25 µm (adventitia) and from 31.2±7.13 µm to 154.15±46.48 µm (media), respectively. Mean dissection time was <3 minutes for all vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nonliving chickens can provide various vessels with different anatomic characteristics, which can allow trainees the choice of an appropriate microvascular anastomosis training model depending on their purpose and skillfulness.

Cystic Disease of the Groin Presenting as Compression of a Femoral Vessel

In this study, we describe our diagnosis and treatment of two patients who presented with femoral vessel compression caused by a cystic lesion in the groin. One case was diagnosed as adventitial cystic disease (ACD) of the common femoral artery resulting in leg claudication and the other was diagnosed as a ganglion cyst (GC) causing femoral vein compression and unilateral leg swelling. The operative findings differed between these two cases with respect to the dissection of the cyst and femoral vessel, but the postoperative histological examination results were similar. The pathogenesis of ACD and GC is not fully understood, and further investigation is needed to delineate the exact pathology of these uncommon conditions.

Morphological evidence of telocytes in mice aorta / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Telocytes (TCs) are a novel type of interstitial cells, which have been recently described in a large variety of cavitary and noncavitary organs. TCs have small cell bodies, and remarkably thin, long, and moniliform prolongations called telopodes (Tps). Until now, TCs have been found in various loose connective tissues surrounding the arterioles, venules, and capillaries, but as a histological cellular component, whether TCs exist in large arteries remains unexplored.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TCs were identified by transmission electron microscope in the aortic arch of male C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TCs in aortic arch had small cell bodies (length: 6.06-13.02 μm; width: 1.05-4.25 μm) with characteristics of specific long (7.74-39.05 μm), thin, and moniliform Tps; TCs distributed in the whole connective tissue layer of tunica adventitia: TCs in the innermost layer of tunica adventitia, located at the juncture between media and adventitia, with their long axes oriented parallel to the outer elastic membrane; and TCs in outer layers of tunica adventitia, were embedded among transverse and longitudinal oriented collagen fibers, forming a highly complex three-dimensional meshwork. Moreover, desmosomes were observed, serving as pathways connecting neighboring Tps. In addition, vesicles shed from the surface of TCs into the extracellular matrix, participating in some biological processes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TCs in aorta arch are a newly recognized complement distinct from other interstitial cells in large arteries, such as fibroblasts. And further biologically functional correlations need to be elucidated.</p>

Pattern of lymphatic metastasis and risk factor of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pattern of lymphatic metastasis and risk factors of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 484 patients receiving esophagectomy from January 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed, whose carcinoma invaded less than adventitia. The lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor and corresponding influence factor were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total lymph node metastatic rate was 32.0% (155/484). Sixteen of 61 upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (26.2%) had lymphatic metastasis. Fifty-five of 201 middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients (27.4%) had lymphatic metastasis. Eighty-four of 222 lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients(37.8%) had lymphatic metastasis. The deeper tumor invaded, the easier lymph node metastasis occurred, as well as the lower of the tumor differentiation and the larger of the tumor diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion diameter (P=0.005), differentiation degree (P=0.007) and invasion depth (P=0.001) were independent risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in esophageal cancer that invaded less than adventitia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Depth of tumor invasion, diameter of tumor and tumor differentiation are risk factors of lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma that invades less than adventitia.</p>

Intervention Mechanism of Extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng and Rhizoma Chuanxiong on Adventitia of Senescent Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the reconstruction features of adventitia in senescent rats, and to explore the intervention mechanism of Chinese herbs (CH, extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng, and Rhizoma Chuanxiong).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 85 20-month senescent rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to body weight, i.e., the aging model group, the high dose CH group, the middle dose CH group, the low dose CH group, the Losartan group, 17 in each group. Another 14 2-month old Wistar rats were selected as a young group. Extracts of CH at the daily dose of 1493. 4, 746. 7, and 373. 4 mg/kg were administered to rats in the 3 CH groups respectively by gastrogavage. Losartan suspension at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg was administered to rats in the Losartan group by gastrogavage. Equal volume of distilled water was administered to rats in the aging model group and the young group. All medication was performed once daily. After 15-week intervention, morphological changes of thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining. The types, distribution, and contents of vessel wall collagens were determined using picric acid picrosirius red staining. The plasma renin activity (PRA) , the concentration of rennin angiotensin II (Ang II), and the content of Ang II in adventitia were detected by radioimmunoassay. The content of hydroxyproline ( Hyp) was detected by biochemical analysis. mRNA contents and protein expressions of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R) and angiotensin II receptor 2 (AT2R) were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the young group, thickened adventitia, increased adventitia thickness/caliber, accumulated collagen fiber, increased area of type I collagen, decreased area of type III collagen, decreased type III/I collagen area ratio (P <0. 05), decreased plasma PRA and Ang II (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), increased contents of Ang II and Hyp in adventitia, down-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of AT1R, and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of AT2R could be seen in the aging model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the aging model group, morphological changes could be improved in the 3 CH groups. Adventitia thickness/caliber was reduced in middle and high dose CH groups, as well as the Losartan group. The area of type I collagen was reduced and the area of type III collagen was enlarged, type III/I collagen area ratio obviously increased, contents of adventitia Hyp was obviously lowered in the high dose CH groups and the Losartan group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Ang II levels in adventitia decreased in middle and high dose CH groups and the Losartan group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in PAR among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the aging model group, mRNA expression of AT1R all increased in each treatment group (P < 0.01); mRNA expression of AT2R also increased in middle and high dose CH groups (P < 0.05). Protein expression of AT1R increased in the high dose CH group and the Losartan group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); protein expression of AT2R also increased in middle and high dose CH groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adventitia remodeling occurred in aged rats, manifested as thickened adventitia and accumulated collagens, disordered ratios of collagen I and III. Its mechanism might be possibly associated with aactivation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng, and Rhizoma Chuanxiong could improve adventitial remodeling possibly by interfering multi-targets, such as Ang II and AT1R, thereby delaying vascular aging.</p>

Lacunar Infarction and Small Vessel Disease: Pathology and Pathophysiology / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Two major vascular pathologies underlie brain damage in patients with disease of small size penetrating brain arteries and arterioles; 1) thickening of the arterial media and 2) obstruction of the origins of penetrating arteries by parent artery intimal plaques. The media of these small vessels may be thickened by fibrinoid deposition and hypertrophy of smooth muscle and other connective tissue elements that accompanies degenerative changes in patients with hypertension and or diabetes or can contain foreign deposits as in amyloid angiopathy and genetically mediated conditions such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. These pathological changes lead to 2 different pathophysiologies: 1) brain ischemia in regions supplied by the affected arteries. The resultant lesions are deep small infarcts, most often involving the basal ganglia, pons, thalami and cerebral white matter. And 2) leakage of fluid causing edema and later gliosis in white matter tracts. The changes in the media and adventitia effect metalloproteinases and other substances within the matrix of the vessels and lead to abnormal blood/brain barriers in these small vessels. and chronic gliosis and atrophy of cerebral white matter.

Angiotensin II induces expression of inflammatory mediators in vascular adventitial fibroblasts / 生理学报

Vascular adventitial fibroblasts (AF) may play an important role in vascular inflammation. This study was aimed to investigate the expression pattern of inflammatory mediators in AF induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and to explore the effects of AF-derived inflammatory mediators on the adhesion and migration of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. We used real-time RT-PCR to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in cultured AF. The results showed that AngII (1 × 10(-7) mol/L) up-regulated mRNA expression of 4 inflammatory mediators, including P-selectin, ICAM-1, IL-6 and MCP-1, in cultured AF. Western blot analysis or ELISA revealed that AngII up-regulated P-selectin and ICAM-1 protein expression and IL-6 secretion in cultured AF, but did not alter MCP-1 secretion. We further detected the effects of AF-derived inflammatory mediators on the adhesion and chemotaxis of RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line. We found that AF stimulated with AngII could enhance the adhesion of RAW264.7 and the conditioned medium from AngII-stimulated AF could enhance the migration of RAW264.7. Immunofluorescence study showed an enhanced accumulation of CD68 positive cells and the up-regulation of P-selectin, ICAM-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 in aortic adventitia of AngII-infused (200 ng/kg per min for 2 weeks) rats. We concluded that AF may contribute to vascular inflammation via expression of certain inflammatory mediators and the subsequent adhesion and chemotaxis of macrophages.

Doença cística adventicial da artéria poplítea: causa infrequente de claudicação intermitente / Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery: an infrequent cause of intermittent claudication

A claudicação intermitente está frequentemente associada à doença aterosclerótica, mas diagnósticos diferenciais devem ser pesquisados em pacientes sem fatores de risco tradicionais. A doença cística adventicial, de etiologia incerta, acomete em maior proporção a artéria poplítea e, eventualmente, apresenta-se como claudicação intermitente. Apresentamos um caso da doença e seu manejo cirúrgico, e discutimos a etiopatogenia, os aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos da enfermidade.

Intermittent claudication is frequently associated with atherosclerotic disease, but differential diagnosis must be sought in patients with no traditional risk factors. Cystic adventitial disease, of unknown etiology, most frequently affects the popliteal artery, and occasionally presents as intermittent claudication. We report a case of this disease and the surgical treatment, and discuss some aspects related to etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Non-IgG4-Related Fibrosclerosing Periaortitis with Multisystemic Involvement / 대한내과학회지

Fibrosclerosing periaortitis is a rare condition that refers to a spectrum of idiopathic diseases characterized by a fibroinflammatory reaction that extends from the adventitia of the aorta into the surrounding structures. It can be present in either IgG4-related or non-IgG4-related fibrosclerosing periaortitis. IgG4-related fibrosclerosing periaortitis could be associated with concomitant multi-organ involvement. However, non-IgG4-related fibrosclerosing periaortitis has rarely been associated with systemic manifestations. Here, we report a 76-year-old female with non-IgG4-related fibrosclerosing periaortitis, who developed pancytopenia, pleural effusion and ascites, which improved after high dose steroid treatment.

Urotensin II promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic adventitial fibroblasts of rat / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Urotensin II (UII), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is able to stimulate phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts. This study aimed to determine the effect of UII on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts, so as to explore possible mechanisms in the development of vascular inflammation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were incubated in serum-free medium with UII (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L) and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1 to 24 hours. MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion were determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>UII dose- and time-dependently promoted MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion in cells, with maximal effect at 10(-8) mol/L at 3 hours for mRNA expression, 24 hours for protein expression in the cells, and 12 hours for protein secretion from the cells. Furthermore, the UII effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with its receptor antagonist SB710411, Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H7, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059, calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A, and the Ca(2+)channel blocker nicardipine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UII may stimulate MCP-1 expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts through its receptor and Rho kinase, PKC, mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcineurin and Ca(2+) channel signal transduction, thus contributing to adventitial inflammation.</p>

Estrutura, ultraestrutura e morfometria da veia cava de paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro / Structure, ultrastructure and morphometry of the Vena cava in the paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) raised in captivity

A paca (Cuniculus paca) é o segundo maior roedor da fauna brasileira. Apresenta carne de excelente qualidade, o que incentiva a criação comercial. Além disso, este animal pode tornar-se uma opção válida em experimentação embora poucas sejam as informações detalhadas sobre sua morfologia. Assim, objetivou-se descrever a morfologia, morfometria e ultraestrutura de segmentos das porções cranial e caudal da veia cava de quatro pacas (Cuniculus paca) adultas excedentes do plantel do Setor de Animais Silvestres do Departamento de Zootecnia da FCAV-Unesp. Os segmentos venosos foram analisados à microscopia de luz e à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram mensuradas as espessuras do complexo formado pelas túnicas íntima e média, além da túnica adventícia e analisou-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva, teste "T" pareado (p<0,05). Em relação à espessura das túnicas estudadas, comprovou-se que os valores da espessura das túnicas íntima, média e adventícia, para todos os animais, foram significativamente maiores no segmento cranial. As camadas das paredes dos vasos apresentaram variações entre si quanto à estrutura e espessura, supostamente devido a uma adaptação à exigência funcional.

The paca (Cuniculus paca) is the second largest rodent of the Brazilian fauna. The excellent meat quality of this specie encourages the development of their commercial production. Moreover, this animal can become a viable alternative for animal experimentation although there exists scarce detailed information concerning their morphology. Therefore the purpose of this study is to describe the morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure in segments of the cranial and caudal portions of vena cava in four adult males and females of Cuniculus paca from the squad of Wild Animals Sector of Animal Science Department of FCAV-Unesp. Parts of the segments were examined by light microscopy and part by scanning electron microscopy. Thickness measures of the tunica intima and media complex and tunica adventitia of the vena cava were taken and analyzed using "T" test (p<0.05). In vena cava the thickness values of the intima, media and adventitia, for all animals, were significantly higher in the cranial segment. The layers of the vessel walls showed variations in structure and thickness, presumably due to an adaptation to functional demand.